The catastrophic impact of COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia

Abstract

Background

To determine the impact of COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia, mainly the limb salvage estimates rate and the overall survival.

Methods

This was a retrospective, consecutive cohort study of chronic limb-threatening ischemia in patients with COVID-19 infection.

Results

Overall, 35 patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia and COVID-19 infection were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 72.51 years, and most of them were male (60%), with arterial hypertension (85.7%), followed by diabetes mellitus (80%) and tobacco user (71.4%). There was a higher prevalence of wound, ischemia and foot infection (WIfI) classification 4 with 58.8% and Rutherford grade 5 (74.3%). The factors related to overall mortality rate were: D-dimer >1,000 mg/dL (hazard ratio = 22.7, P < .001, confidence interval = 10.49–26.52), respiratory symptoms (hazard ratio = 16.6, P < .001, confidence interval = 9.87–20.90), chest computed tomography compromising higher than 50% of the pulmonary tract (hazard ratio = 16,0, P < .001, confidence interval = 10.41–20.55), acute kidney failure (hazard ratio = 21.58, P < .001, confidence interval = 16.5–30.5), chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio = 4.4, P = .036, confidence interval = 1.45–10.1), therapeutic anticoagulation (hazard ratio = 8.37, P = .004, confidence interval = 1.35–8.45), and WIfI classification (hazard ratio = 5.28, P = .022, confidence interval = 1.34–10.01). The following were related to limb loss: D-dimer >1,000 mg/mL (hazard ratio = 5.47, P = .02, confidence interval = 1.94–10.52), respiratory symptoms (hazard ratio = 5.42, P = .02, confidence interval = 1.87–10.90), and WIfI classification (hazard ratio = 4.44, P = .035, confidence interval = 1.34–8.01).

Conclusion

This study concluded that COVID-19 has a catastrophic impact among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. The main factors related to overall mortality were D-dimer >1,000 mg/dL, respiratory symptoms, chest computed tomography compromising higher than 50% of the pulmonary tract, acute kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, therapeutic anticoagulation, and WIfI classification. The factors related to limb loss were WIfI classification, D-dimer >1,000 mg/mL and respiratory symptoms.