Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedures
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ISCED 2 | ISCED 3 | Total | Age | 1 PA | 2 PA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | M | SD | n | % | n | % | |
Male | 385 | 62.0 | 236 | 38.0 | 621 | 45.4 | 14.3 | 1.74 | 43 | 6.9 | 26 | 4.1 |
Female | 432 | 57.8 | 316 | 42.2 | 748 | 54.6 | 14.4 | 1.74 | 24 | 3.2 | 17 | 2.2 |
Total | 817 | 59.7 | 552 | 40.3 | 1369 | 100 | 14.4 | 1.74 | 67 | 4.9 | 43 | 3.1 |
Barrier | Boys: n (%) | Girls: n (%) | Χ2 Test |
---|---|---|---|
Due to COVID-19 pandemic | 372 (59.9%) | 315 (42.1%) | p< 0.001 |
Lack of time | 226 (36.4%) | 430 (57.5%) | p< 0.001 |
Because it takes away time that I need to study | 165 (26.6%) | 383 (51.2%) | p< 0.001 |
Lack of motivation/interest | 88 (14.2%) | 176 (23.5%) | p< 0.001 |
Lack of ability | 52 (8.4%) | 116 (15.5%) | p< 0.001 |
I’m not in shape | 86 (13.8%) | 98 (13.1%) | p = 0.687 |
There are more interesting things to do | 93 (15.0%) | 96 (12.8%) | p = 0.253 |
I don’t have an accessible place or club to do PA where I live | 54 (8.7%) | 94 (12.6%) | p= 0.022 |
I don’t like competition | 35 (5.6%) | 88 (11.8%) | p< 0.001 |
I’m afraid of getting injured | 44 (7.1%) | 73 (9.8%) | p = 0.078 |
I don’t have friends to do PA with | 46 (7.4%) | 71 (9.5%) | p = 0.170 |
Because it takes away time to spend with friends | 69 (11.1%) | 65 (8.7%) | p = 0.133 |
I’m ashamed | 24 (3.9%) | 65 (8.7%) | p< 0.001 |
Don’t like to sweat | 45 (7.2%) | 56 (7.5%) | p = 0.866 |
I’ve got physical limitations | 43 (6.9%) | 54 (7.2%) | p = 0.832 |
The others are better | 31 (5.0%) | 53 (7.1%) | p = 0.108 |
I need equipment that I do not have | 37 (6.0%) | 39 (5.2%) | p = 0.549 |
Too expensive | 24 (3.9%) | 35 (4.7%) | p = 0.460 |
PA opportunities are not interesting | 28 (4.5%) | 26 (3.5%) | p = 0.328 |
I’m afraid | 9 (1.4%) | 23 (3.1%) | p= 0.047 |
My parents don’t allow | 14 (2.3%) | 12 (1.6%) | p = 0.380 |
Doing PA/sport is a boy thing and is not for girls | 9 (1.4%) | 4 (0.5%) | p = 0.082 |
Barrier | ISCED 2 | ISCED 3 | Χ2 Test |
---|---|---|---|
Due to COVID-19 pandemic | 423 (51.8%) | 264 (47.8%) | p = 0.152 |
Lack of time | 350 (42.8%) | 306 (55.4%) | p< 0.001 |
Because it takes away time that I need to study | 301 (36.8%) | 247 (44.7%) | p= 0.003 |
Lack of motivation/interest | 143 (17.5%) | 121 (21.9%) | p= 0.042 |
I’m not in shape | 105 (12.9%) | 79 (14.3%) | p = 0.437 |
There are more interesting things to do | 117 (14.3%) | 72 (13.0%) | p = 0.502 |
Lack of ability | 106 (13.0%) | 62 (11.2%) | p = 0.335 |
I don’t have an accessible place or club to do PA where I live | 92 (11.3%) | 56 (10.1%) | p = 0.514 |
Because it takes away time to spend with friends | 91 (11.1%) | 43 (7.8%) | p= 0.041 |
I’m afraid of getting injured | 83 (10.2%) | 34 (6.2%) | p= 0.009 |
I don’t like competition | 83 (10.2%) | 40 (7.2%) | p = 0.064 |
Don’t like to sweat | 73 (8.9%) | 28 (5.1%) | p= 0.007 |
I don’t have friends to do PA with | 63 (7.7%) | 54 (9.8%) | p = 0.179 |
I’ve got physical limitations | 55 (6.7%) | 42 (7.6%) | p = 0.535 |
The others are better | 53 (6.5%) | 31 (5.6%) | p = 0.510 |
I’m ashamed | 50 (6.1%) | 39 (7.1%) | p = 0.487 |
I need equipment that I do not have | 41 (5.0%) | 35 (6.3%) | p = 0.295 |
PA opportunities are not interesting | 32 (3.9%) | 22 (4.0%) | p = 0.949 |
Too expensive | 28 (3.4%) | 31 (5.6%) | p = 0.050 |
I’m afraid | 21 (2.6%) | 11 (2.0%) | p = 0.488 |
My parents don’t allow | 16 (2.0%) | 10 (1.8%) | p = 0.845 |
Doing PA/sport is a boy thing and is not for girls | 8 (1.0%) | 5 (0.9%) | p = 0.891 |
Barrier | Inactive | Active | Χ2 Test |
---|---|---|---|
Due to COVID-19 pandemic | 646 (49.6%) | 41 (61.2%) | p = 0.065 |
Lack of time | 632 (48.5%) | 24 (35.8%) | p= 0.042 |
Because it takes away time that I need to study | 527 (40.5%) | 21 (31.3%) | p = 0.137 |
Lack of motivation/interest | 260 (20.0%) | 4 (6.0%) | p= 0.005 |
There are more interesting things to do | 186 (14.3%) | 3 (4.5%) | p= 0.023 |
I’m not in shape | 182 (14.0%) | 2 (3.0%) | p= 0.010 |
Lack of ability | 163 (12.5%) | 5 (7.5%) | p = 0.219 |
I don’t have an accessible place or club to do PA where I live | 143 (11.0%) | 5 (7.5%) | p = 0.365 |
Because it takes away time to spend with friends | 128 (9.8%) | 6 (9.0%) | p = 0.814 |
I don’t like competition | 118 (9.1%) | 5 (7.5%) | p = 0.655 |
I don’t have friends to do PA with | 115 (8.8%) | 2 (3.0%) | p = 0.095 |
I’m afraid of getting injured | 111 (8.5%) | 6 (9.0%) | p = 0.902 |
Don’t like to sweat | 96 (7.4%) | 5 (7.5%) | p = 0.978 |
I’ve got physical limitations | 90 (6.9%) | 7 (10.4%) | p = 0.271 |
I’m ashamed | 85 (6.5%) | 4 (6.0%) | p = 0.857 |
The others are better | 81 (6.2%) | 3 (4.5%) | p = 0.562 |
I need equipment that I do not have | 70 (5.4%) | 6 (9.0%) | p = 0.212 |
Too expensive | 55 (4.2%) | 4 (6.0%) | p = 0.493 |
PA opportunities are not interesting | 52 (4.0%) | 2 (3.0%) | p = 0.679 |
I’m afraid | 30 (2.3%) | 2 (3.0%) | p = 0.719 |
My parents don’t allow | 24 (1.8%) | 2 (3.0%) | p = 0.504 |
Doing PA/sport is a boy thing and is not for girls | 11 (0.8%) | 2 (3.0%) | p = 0.078 |
Barrier | Normal | Overweight | Χ2 Test |
---|---|---|---|
Due to COVID-19 pandemic | 583 (49.8%) | 95 (51.4%) | p = 0.660 |
Lack of time | 573 (48.9%) | 76 (41.1%) | p= 0.047 |
Because it takes away time that I need to study | 475 (40.6%) | 70 (37.8%) | p = 0.292 |
Lack of motivation/interest | 222 (19.0%) | 40 (21.6%) | p= 0.002 |
There are more interesting things to do | 162 (13.8%) | 25 (13.5%) | p = 0.482 |
Lack of ability | 121 (10.3%) | 41 (22.2%) | p< 0.001 |
I’m not in shape | 120 (10.2%) | 61 (33.0%) | p< 0.001 |
I don’t have an accessible place or club to do PA where I live | 116 (9.9%) | 31 (16.8%) | p = 0.143 |
Because it takes away time to spend with friends | 116 (9.9%) | 13 (7.0%) | p = 0.905 |
I don’t like competition | 99 (8.5%) | 20 (10.8%) | p= 0.005 |
I’m afraid of getting injured | 98 (8.4%) | 15 (8.1%) | p = 0.150 |
I don’t have friends to do PA with | 95 (8.1%) | 21 (11.4%) | p = 0.394 |
Don’t like to sweat | 87 (7.4%) | 10 (5.4%) | p = 0.321 |
I’ve got physical limitations | 76 (6.5%) | 19 (10.3%) | p = 0.061 |
The others are better | 66 (5.6%) | 15 (8.1%) | p = 0.187 |
I’m ashamed | 62 (5.3%) | 24 (13.0%) | p< 0.001 |
I need equipment that I do not have | 55 (4.7%) | 19 (10.3%) | p = 0.798 |
PA opportunities are not interesting | 46 (3.9%) | 8 (4.3%) | p = 0.215 |
Too expensive | 44 (3.8%) | 14 (7.6%) | p= 0.017 |
I’m afraid | 23 (2.0%) | 6 (3.2%) | p = 0.692 |
My parents don’t allow | 22 (1.9%) | 3 (1.6%) | p = 0.809 |
Doing PA/sport is a boy thing and is not for girls | 13 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | p = 0.271 * |
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Mata, C.; Onofre, M.; Martins, J. Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Children 2022, 9, 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111726
Mata C, Onofre M, Martins J. Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Children. 2022; 9(11):1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111726
Chicago/Turabian StyleMata, Carlos, Marcos Onofre, and João Martins. 2022. "Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Children 9, no. 11: 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111726
APA StyleMata, C., Onofre, M., & Martins, J. (2022). Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Children, 9(11), 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111726