Abstract
Abstract
Covid-19 still remains as global pandemic surging with different variants in various countries resulted into Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). An escalation in random testing for Covid-19 is considered as golden standard by WHO to control the spread of Corona virus. At present, the tests are performed to investigate the infection genetic materials or to detect the antibodies already produced by the immune system to invade the infection. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and antigen tests are two viral based tests for detection of current virus and the serology test is antibody test for detection of past infection. Reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleic acid hybridization strategies are the two highly sensitive outstanding tests used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the DNA by the former and RNA/DNA by the later. Low controlled below -20oC temperature with a professional technician and time-intensive are the major drawbacks reported. Apart from the test for virus, antigen and antibodies several other alternative hematological tests like CRP: C-Reactive Protine, Ferritine, IL-6: Interleukin 6, Blood Platelets and WBC: White Blood Cells plasma levels became essential for the detection of Covid-19 and the post Covid complications. To overcome these limitations a rapid, efficient, low-cost and easy-to-implement test kits are in imperative need to meet the requirement. Electrochemical sensors are considered as potential, ultra-fast and point-of-care sensors used as self testing kits. In the present work, a meta review of various modified electrodes with different nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nano-dopants used as electrochemical sensors in association with testing various different parameters for detection of covid-19. A detailed discussion on the merits and demerits of present testing patterns and scope of screen-printed electrochemical sensors modified with different nanomaterials and their advantages are presented.
Keywords: Corona Virus, Electrochemical Sensors, Nanomaterials modified electrodes, Ultra-fast, and Point-of-care
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