Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease is now responsible for one of the most challenging and concerning pandemics. Since December 2020, the world has had access to COVID-19 prophylaxis; thus, we encounter adverse events from vaccination more often due to the vast vaccination range. We present two case reports of difficult-to-treat skin vasculitis due to COVID-19 vaccination that were successfully treated in a tertiary-level university hospital. When encountering systemic treatment, resistant skin vasculitis plasmapheresis could be a choice of treatment.
1 Introduction
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had terrible health, economic, and social consequences. As vaccines for the novel COVID-19 disease are already authorized in many countries around the world, knowledge about adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is essential for medical practitioners and health authorities in the context of the safety and tolerability of vaccines. An AEFI is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunization and does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the use of a vaccine [1]. We present two cases of vasculitis after immunization with the Pfizer Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine.
2 First case
A 65-year-old otherwise healthy woman was consulted at our center in February 2021 because of severe urticaria and angioedema. She reported that hives appeared 12 days post-vaccination with the second dose of the Pfizer Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine and lasted for 2 weeks. She denied having other symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, muscle or joint pains, a local reaction at the injection site, or swelling in the underarm. Urticarial rash and angioedema episodes of the lips and ears were associated with burning sensation and pruritus. On the initial physical examination, next to typical urticaria on the limbs and trunk, some palpable non-blanching purpuric papules were noticed on the thighs (Figure 1). The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. The patient did not refer to any relevant past medical history. She did not take any medications and had no allergies to vaccines, drugs, or food in the past. Full blood workup, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunologic tests (C3, C4, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), and cryoglobulins), was done the following day, and all were normal, except for a moderately elevated white blood cells (11.9 × 109/L) with predominant neutrophils (72.2%), which was attributed to previous treatment with corticosteroids. The Chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. There were several erythrocytes in the urine analysis. A skin biopsy was taken. Histopathologic findings revealed mild mixed perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the superficial dermis, a thin interstitial neutrophil infiltrate of the derma, oedema of the vascular endothelium, and vessel wall necrosis, but no signs of IgA vasculitis were found (Figure 1).

Urticarial and palpable non-blanching purpuric rash compatible with mild mixed perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the superficial dermis, oedema of blood vessels endothelium, no vessels wall necrosis identified.
The urticarial vasculitis (UV) was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with 32 mg of oral methylprednisolone, 20 mg omeprazole, and 40 mg per day rupatadine. She also received several intravenous injections of dexamethasone. Plasmapheresis is often used in our clinic in cases when other therapies fail. Plasmapheresis was started after 6 days of unsuccessful treatment with medications, and the patient had an overall five procedures. After two procedures of plasmapheresis, the urticaria disappeared and did not reoccur. Therefore, systemic steroids were tapered gradually for 1 month. The patient recovered completely. She was followed up for 1 year.
3 Second case
A 49-year-old woman was consulted by an allergologist and clinical immunologist because of a rash on her extremities. The rash appeared 3 weeks after the first dose of the Pfizer Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine. The patient felt weakness and pain in the shins. Earlier the patient was consulted by another allergologist, vasculitis was suspected, and treatment with triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg injection started every 3 weeks. The improvement was only temporary, and after 4 months, she was consulted by the rheumatologist and hospitalized at the Center for Rheumatology with suspicion of systemic vasculitis. On physical examination, a palpable non-blanching purpuric rash on all extremities (Figure 2) was evident with some small sores with necrosis on the right shin (Figure 2). No other symptoms (fever, fatigue, or joint pain) were observed. The patient had leukocytosis (up to 12.57 × 10 9/L) with 74.9% neutrophils and normal platelet (242 × 109/L) and eosinophil (0.00 × 109/L) counts. CRP, ESR, urinalysis, creatinine, liver function tests, C3, and C4 were within normal limits. ANA, ANCA, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and hepatitis C virus antibodies were negative. The chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. Abdominal echoscopy showed hepatosteatosis and calcinate in the right kidney. Histopathologic investigation of the skin biopsy revealed small-vessel oedema of the endothelium with perivascular leukocytoclasis, erythrocytes extravasation, and focal IgA deposition in the vessels (Figure 3). IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) was diagnosed. The patient was treated with 32 mg of oral methylprednisolone and a plasmapheresis course. The rash disappeared after 4 weeks. Systemic steroids were tapered gradually for 6 weeks. The patient recovered completely and was followed up for 1 year.

A palpable non-blanching purpuric rash on the right thigh and a sore with necrosis signs on the right shin.

Small vessels oedema of endothelium with perivascular leukocytoclasis, erythrocytes extravasation with focal IgA deposition in the vessels.
Both of the patients gave written consent for the publication of the case report.
4 Discussion
COVID-19 patients present with many extra-respiratory manifestations in addition to respiratory symptoms and fever [2]. A constituent number of case reports and clinical series have already been published describing a complex spectrum of skin manifestations associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection [3,4,5]. Skin lesions with features of vasculitis have been reported in COVID-19 cases, ranging from mild or asymptomatic to fulminant disease [6,7,8]. In addition, there are some reports in the recent literature of cutaneous vasculitis secondary to COVID-19 vaccination [9,10,11].
Based on the clinical presentation and histological features, a clinical diagnosis of UV was made in our first patient. UV is a small-vessel vasculitis with predominantly skin involvement manifesting as urticarial lesions. Angioedema is present in less than half of patients. UV is attributed to the deposition of immune complexes on the blood vessel wall [11]. UV is more often idiopathic, but in some cases, it could occur secondary to an underlying infection, connective tissue disorders, malignancy, and medications.
IgA vasculitis, or Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a rare autoimmune disease that usually presents in the paediatric and teenage population. IgA vasculitis is often linked to viral or bacterial infection, and a particular association with vaccination has also been documented. IgA vasculitis is often associated with influenza vaccination and usually occurs within 21 days after administration of the influenza vaccine and most affected patients (73%) are younger than 17 years old, it is usually a self-limiting illness [12]. We present an atypical case report of Ig A vasculitis in a middle-aged woman with a progression of skin rash over 4 months despite treatment with systemic corticosteroids.
Vasculitides have been reported as AEFI with several types of vaccines, and the literature review showed numerous reports of vasculitides following vaccination described in a limited number of controlled studies [13]. An important criterion guiding the causality assessment of each event is the temporal relationship between the vaccine and the event, which is deemed to be in the range of 1–6 weeks for drug and vaccine-induced vasculitis. In our cases, it was 12 and 21 days. According to the descriptive analyses across three international databases, vasculitides were more frequently reported in association with influenza vaccines than with any other vaccine. The distribution of vasculitis events by gender showed a slight female predominance (54.3%). Vasculitis appears to be less frequently reported in the elderly (in 15.5% of vaccinated persons on average). Among those patients with the recorded outcomes, 44.3% recovered, 1% had a fatal outcome, and 55% had not recovered/not resolved or the outcome was unknown [14,15].
The exact pathogenesis of vaccination-associated vasculitis has yet to be determined, but the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine might result in the activation of autoreactive B/T cells, antibody formation, and immune complex deposition within small vessels, leading to activation of the complement system and recruitment of leukocytes. The responsible particle as an antigen for such reactions is unknown; however, inflammatory response to a vaccine component encoding SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein, targeting the endothelium and resulting in small-vessel vasculitis, could be hypothesized [11]. We described two cases of different types of skin vasculitis following COVID-19 immunization, successfully treated with plasmapheresis and systemic corticosteroids.
The safety of future vaccination in patients with a prior diagnosis of vasculitis due to a vaccine is debatable.
Abbreviations
- AEFI
-
adverse events following immunization.
- UV
-
urticarial vasculitis
-
Funding information: No external funding source for this study.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
-
Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of these cases are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
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© 2022 the author(s), published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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- Lineage switch from lymphoma to myeloid neoplasms: First case series from a single institution
- Trismus during tracheal extubation as a complication of general anaesthesia – A case report
- Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
- Two case reports of skin vasculitis following the COVID-19 immunization
- Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
- Synchronous triple primary malignant tumours in the bladder, prostate, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases: A case report
- Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
- Commentary
- Commentary on “Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma”
- Rapid Communication
- COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway”
- Erratum to “Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study”
- Erratum to “lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2”
- Retraction
- Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
- Retraction to “miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development”
- Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part II
- Usefulness of close surveillance for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Articles
- AMBRA1 attenuates the proliferation of uveal melanoma cells
- A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Differences in complications between hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and alcohol-related cirrhosis
- Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Long noncoding RNA NR2F1-AS1 stimulates the tumorigenic behavior of non-small cell lung cancer cells by sponging miR-363-3p to increase SOX4
- Promising novel biomarkers and candidate small-molecule drugs for lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data
- Plasmapheresis: Is it a potential alternative treatment for chronic urticaria?
- The biomarkers of key miRNAs and gene targets associated with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
- Gene signature to predict prognostic survival of hepatocellular carcinoma
- Effects of miRNA-199a-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis of uterine leiomyoma by targeting MED12
- Does diabetes affect paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in colorectal cancer?
- Is there any effect on imprinted genes H19, PEG3, and SNRPN during AOA?
- Leptin and PCSK9 concentrations are associated with vascular endothelial cytokines in patients with stable coronary heart disease
- Pericentric inversion of chromosome 6 and male fertility problems
- Staple line reinforcement with nebulized cyanoacrylate glue in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A propensity score-matched study
- Retrospective analysis of crescent score in clinical prognosis of IgA nephropathy
- Expression of DNM3 is associated with good outcome in colorectal cancer
- Activation of SphK2 contributes to adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation
- CRRT influences PICCO measurements in febrile critically ill patients
- SLCO4A1-AS1 mediates pancreatic cancer development via miR-4673/KIF21B axis
- lncRNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells
- circ_AKT3 knockdown suppresses cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer
- Prognostic value of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in human cancers: Evidence from a meta-analysis and database validation
- GPC2 deficiency inhibits cell growth and metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma
- A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of Holliday junction recognition protein in human tumors
- Radiation increases COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 expression in breast cancer
- Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome
- miR-29c-5p knockdown reduces inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption by upregulating LRP6
- Cardiac contractility modulation ameliorates myocardial metabolic remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure through activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathway
- Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage
- Smurf2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ubiquitin degradation of Smad2
- circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury
- Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
- Four drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in prognosis, immune infiltration, and gene mutation
- Decreased expression of miR-195 mediated by hypermethylation promotes osteosarcoma
- LMO3 promotes proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulating LIMK1-mediated cofilin and the β-catenin pathway
- Cx43 upregulation in HUVECs under stretch via TGF-β1 and cytoskeletal network
- Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey
- Histopathologic findings on removed stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Do they influence the outcome?
- Analysis of the expression and prognostic value of MT1-MMP, β1-integrin and YAP1 in glioma
- Optimal diagnosis of the skin cancer using a hybrid deep neural network and grasshopper optimization algorithm
- miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells
- Clinical value of SIRT1 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic meta-analysis
- circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8
- miR-22-5p regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting EZH2
- hsa-miR-340-5p inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometriosis by targeting MAP3K2 and inactivating MAPK/ERK signaling
- circ_0085296 inhibits the biological functions of trophoblast cells to promote the progression of preeclampsia via the miR-942-5p/THBS2 network
- TCD hemodynamics findings in the subacute phase of anterior circulation stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
- Development of a risk-stratification scoring system for predicting risk of breast cancer based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, and uric acid
- Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
- circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis
- Human amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells
- lncRNA NONRATT013819.2 promotes transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblastic transition of hepatic stellate cells by miR24-3p/lox
- NORAD modulates miR-30c-5p-LDHA to protect lung endothelial cells damage
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis telemedicine management during COVID-19 outbreak
- Risk factors for adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy
- Serum zinc associated with immunity and inflammatory markers in Covid-19
- The relationship between night shift work and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- LncRNA expression in idiopathic achalasia: New insight and preliminary exploration into pathogenesis
- Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Moscatilin suppresses the inflammation from macrophages and T cells
- Zoledronate promotes ECM degradation and apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in coronary artery disease
- The effect evaluation of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 5 years follow-up
- Repeated partial splenic artery embolization for hypersplenism improves platelet count
- Low expression of miR-27b in serum exosomes of non-small cell lung cancer facilitates its progression by affecting EGFR
- Exosomal hsa_circ_0000519 modulates the NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via miR-1258/RHOV axis
- miR-455-5p enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1
- The effect of tranexamic acid on the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and thromboembolic risk in patients with hip fracture
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation in cholangiocarcinoma impairs tumor progression by sensitizing cells to ferroptosis
- Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
- A 16-gene signature associated with homologous recombination deficiency for prognosis prediction in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
- Lidocaine ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through regulating M1/M2 microglia polarization
- MicroRNA 322-5p reduced neuronal inflammation via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis in a rat epilepsy model
- miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis
- Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long course of illness infected with SARS-CoV-2
- circRNF20 aggravates the malignancy of retinoblastoma depending on the regulation of miR-132-3p/PAX6 axis
- Linezolid for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years: A meta-analysis
- Rack1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines by NF-κB in diabetic nephropathy
- Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanism and a novel prognostic signature based on small nuclear RNA biomarkers in gastric cancer patients
- Smog and risk of maternal and fetal birth outcomes: A retrospective study in Baoding, China
- Let-7i-3p inhibits the cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via downregulating CCND1
- β2-Adrenergic receptor expression in subchondral bone of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis
- Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia
- In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated oil in liposome eyedrop against multidrug-resistant bacteria
- Potential biomarkers for inflammatory response in acute lung injury
- A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia
- Antitumor activity of recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus with human IL2
- ALKBH5 inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through Bcl-2 pathway
- Risk prediction of cardiovascular disease using machine learning classifiers
- Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
- Bioinformatics analysis reveals three key genes and four survival genes associated with youth-onset NSCLC
- Identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on bioinformatics analysis
- Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice
- Overexpression of miR-100-5p inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression via targeting FZD8
- Bioinformatics-based analysis of SUMOylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a role of upregulated SAE1 in promoting cell proliferation
- Effectiveness and clinical benefits of new anti-diabetic drugs: A real life experience
- Identification of osteoporosis based on gene biomarkers using support vector machine
- Tanshinone IIA reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA-30b-5p/AVEN axis
- miR-212-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by targeting METTL3
- Association of ST-T changes with all-cause mortality among patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas
- LINC00665/miRNAs axis-mediated collagen type XI alpha 1 correlates with immune infiltration and malignant phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma
- The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children
- Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study
- Does the use of 3D-printed cones give a chance to postpone the use of megaprostheses in patients with large bone defects in the knee joint?
- lncRNA HAGLR modulates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice through regulating miR-133a-3p/MAPK1 axis
- Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats
- In vivo knee kinematics of an innovative prosthesis design
- Relationship between the height of fibular head and the incidence and severity of knee osteoarthritis
- lncRNA WT1-AS attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury during cerebral ischemic stroke via miR-186-5p/XIAP axis
- Correlation of cardiac troponin T and APACHE III score with all-cause in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism
- LncRNA LINC01857 reduces metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells via regulating miR-2052/CENPQ axis
- Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoted by transcription factor SPI1 acts as an oncogene to modulate the malignant phenotype of endometrial cancer
- SELENBP1 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- Visfatin is negatively associated with coronary artery lesions in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
- Treatment and outcomes of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction during the Covid-19 era: A comparison with the pre-Covid-19 period. A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Neonatal stroke surveillance study protocol in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
- Oncogenic role of TWF2 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin predicts the length of hospital stay independent of severity classification in patients with acute pancreatitis
- Association of gallstone and polymorphisms of UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure
- TGF-β1 upregulates Sar1a expression and induces procollagen-I secretion in hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts
- Antisense lncRNA PCNA-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through the miR-2467-3p/PCNA axis
- NK-cell dysfunction of acute myeloid leukemia in relation to the renin–angiotensin system and neurotransmitter genes
- The effect of dilution with glucose and prolonged injection time on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation – A randomized controlled trial
- miR-146-5p restrains calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing TRAF6
- Role of lncRNA MIAT/miR-361-3p/CCAR2 in prostate cancer cells
- lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2
- Noninvasive diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome based on prediction models
- lncRNA FAM230B is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and suppresses the maturation of miR-1182 to increase cell proliferation
- circ-LIMK1 regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis
- LncRNA SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis
- Risk perception and affective state on work exhaustion in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic
- lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis promote migration and invasion by activating PKCα-MAPK signal pathway in melanoma
- SNRPB promotes cell cycle progression in thyroid carcinoma via inhibiting p53
- Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes
- Serpin family A member 1 is an oncogene in glioma and its translation is enhanced by NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 through RNA-binding activity
- Silencing of CPSF7 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
- Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block versus transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia in children with hip dislocation: A double-blind, randomized trial
- Relationship of plasma MBP and 8-oxo-dG with brain damage in preterm
- Identification of a novel necroptosis-associated miRNA signature for predicting the prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Delayed femoral vein ligation reduces operative time and blood loss during hip disarticulation in patients with extremity tumors
- The expression of ASAP3 and NOTCH3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of adult glioma patients
- Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
- HOXA10 enhances cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in esophageal cancer via activating p38/ERK signaling pathway
- Meta-analysis of early-life antibiotic use and allergic rhinitis
- Marital status and its correlation with age, race, and gender in prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinomas
- HPV16 E6E7 up-regulates KIF2A expression by activating JNK/c-Jun signal, is beneficial to migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells
- Amino acid profiles in the tissue and serum of patients with liver cancer
- Pain in critically ill COVID-19 patients: An Italian retrospective study
- Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity
- Estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol for IVF/ICSI treatment
- Long non-coding RNAs LINC00689 inhibits the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via miR-3127-5p/ATG7 axis-mediated autophagy
- The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality
- Monitoring hypertensive disorders in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women of advanced maternal age: Trial mimicking with retrospective data
- SETD1A promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
- The role of Shunaoxin pills in the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its main pharmacodynamic components
- TET3 governs malignant behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
- Associations between morphokinetic parameters of temporary-arrest embryos and the clinical prognosis in FET cycles
- Long noncoding RNA WT1-AS regulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via the microRNA-186-5p/CADM2 axis
- The incidence of bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis shows integrin alpha 3 is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
- Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway
- Comparison of hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A (H7N9 and H1N1): A retrospective study from a designated hospital
- lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by upregulating AAK1
- Pathological characteristics of liver injury induced by N,N-dimethylformamide: From humans to animal models
- lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 enhances the progression of colon cancer by targeting miR-4270 to upregulate AURKB
- DARS-AS1 modulates cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-330-3p/NAT10 axis
- Dezocine inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CRABP2 in ovarian cancer
- MGST1 alleviates the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
- Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by changing ileum FXR-CYP7A1
- circRNA DENND1B inhibits tumorigenicity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via miR-122-5p/TIMP2 axis
- EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways
- Pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block
- miRNA-130a-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote neural injury under the high glucose condition
- Review Articles
- Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper
- Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies
- The rationale for using low-molecular weight heparin in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
- Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts
- Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Role of dentist in early diagnosis
- Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals
- Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review
- Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function
- Case Reports
- Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in late pregnancy complicated with acute aortic dissection: Case series
- A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
- Unusual neurological manifestations of bilateral medial medullary infarction: A case report
- Atypical symptoms of malignant hyperthermia: A rare causative mutation in the RYR1 gene
- A case report of dermatomyositis with the missed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and concurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis
- A rare case of endometrial polyp complicated with uterine inversion: A case report and clinical management
- Spontaneous rupturing of splenic artery aneurysm: Another reason for fatal syncope and shock (Case report and literature review)
- Fungal infection mimicking COVID-19 infection – A case report
- Concurrent aspergillosis and cystic pulmonary metastases in a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
- Paraganglioma-induced inverted takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy leading to cardiogenic shock successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Lineage switch from lymphoma to myeloid neoplasms: First case series from a single institution
- Trismus during tracheal extubation as a complication of general anaesthesia – A case report
- Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
- Two case reports of skin vasculitis following the COVID-19 immunization
- Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
- Synchronous triple primary malignant tumours in the bladder, prostate, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases: A case report
- Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
- Commentary
- Commentary on “Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma”
- Rapid Communication
- COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway”
- Erratum to “Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study”
- Erratum to “lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2”
- Retraction
- Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
- Retraction to “miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development”
- Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part II
- Usefulness of close surveillance for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy