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Refractive index sensing: study and analysis for SARS-CoV-2 detection

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Abstract

This article presented a sensing method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 based on refractive index (RI). The approach utilizes the established nanogap terahertz metamaterial unit cell design as a biosensor. The underlying idea is that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be treated as a nanoparticle, falling within the 30–100 nm diameter range. Therefore, it can be detected using established and dependable photonics methods. Notably, the SARS-CoV-2 virus family exhibits a negative RI between − 0.96 and − 1. Absorption coefficient \((\alpha\)) is 226,615.2 cm−1, absorption rate is 97% and sensitivity (S) is 330 \({\raise0.7ex\hbox{${{\text{nm}}}$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{nm}}} {{\text{RIU}}}}}\right.\kern-0pt} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${{\text{RIU}}}$}}\). The analysis shows a minimal deviation in absorption and resonant frequency when varying the thickness of the dielectric clad from 30 to 100 nm. This stability makes it a suitable outcome for sensing SARS-CoV-2.

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Acknowledgements

This research work is sponsored by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India under India-Serbia Bilateral Scientific and Technological Cooperation Joint Projects for Indian-Serbia scientific cooperation, with DST/ICD/Serbia/P-05/2021 (G), Dated 27/01/2023. This project supports India-Serbia mutual exchange of visits. There is no additional funding provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of EEE, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior, Gwalior, India

    Pinku Ranjan & Jayant Kumar Rai

  2. Department of Communication Engineering, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Naveen Mishra

  3. School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevarkralja Aleksandra 73, 11120, Belgrade, Serbia

    Jelena Radovanovic & Milka Potrebić Ivaniš

  4. Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee International Institute of Information Technology, Naya Raipur, India

    Lakhindar Murmu

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Contributions

Dr. Pinku Ranjan: He contributed substantially to the concept of refractive index sensing in SARS-CoV-2 Detection and manuscript writing. (Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work). (Drafting the work). Dr. Naveen Mishra: He contributed substantially to the design of a metamaterial unit cell for sensing SARS-CoV-2. (Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work). Dr. Jelena Radovanovic: He contributed substantially to the interpretation of data for the work. (Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work). Dr. Milka Potrebić: He contributed substantially to the interpretation of data for the work. (Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work). Dr. Lakhinder Murmu: He contributed substantially to understanding the sensing mechanism (concept) of SARS-CoV-2 detection. (Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work). Mr. Jayatnt Kumar Rai: He contributed during the drafting of the manuscript. (Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content).

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Correspondence to Naveen Mishra.

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Ranjan, P., Mishra, N., Radovanovic, J. et al. Refractive index sensing: study and analysis for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Opt Quant Electron 56, 1278 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-07188-8

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