Abstract
Aims
To find the prevalence of hearing loss in children born to mothers who had COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.
Materials and Methods
This was a prospective observational study conducted on 1960 babies born to mothers who were COVID positive during their pregnancy .All children born to RTPCR positive COVID-19 pregnant women were included in the study and babies who had any other risk factor for neonatal SNHL were excluded from the study. All the babies were subjected to OAE, and if it came pass, the test was repeated 2 weeks later. Those patients with repeat OAE also as refer were subjected to Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry and findings correlated.
Results
The study included 1960 neonates who were subjected to neonatal hearing screening by OAE. There were 1020 males (52.04%) and 940(47.96%) females and 80 cases of consanguinity. Fifty babies were excluded due to comorbidities. In the initial OAE test 380 neonates failed (19.9%) following which BERA was done and ten patients was found to Sensorineural hearing loss.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hearing loss in our study on babies born to mothers with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is 0.005. Although these primary results from our study does not indicate any immediate effect of SARS-COV-2 maternal infection on neonatal hearing. More children need to be tested and followed up over an extended period of time to detect any possible delayed auditory effects. Those patients who were identified to have hearing loss in our study will have to be on long term follow-up as we see long terms effects on cognition, memory, heart health, etc. in COVID survivors.
Level of evidence
Level 1.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. China Lancet 395(10223):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed 01 June 2022
Mao L, Jin H, Wang M et al (2020) Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 77(6):683–690. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127
Prochaska E, Jang M, Burd I (2020) COVID-19 in pregnancy: placental and neonatal involvement. Am J Reprod Immunol 84(5):e13306. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13306
Figueiro-Filho E, Yudin M, Farine D (2020) COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries. J Perinat Med 48(9):900–911. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0364
Rebutini PZ, Zanchettin AC, Stonoga ETS, Prá DMM, de Oliveira ALP, DezidérioFdS, Fonseca AS, Dagostini JCH, Hlatchuk EC, Furuie IN, Longo JS, Cavalli BM, Dino CLT, Dias VMCH, Percicote AP, Nogueira MB, Raboni SM, de Carvalho NS, Machado-Souza C, de Noronha L (2021) Association between COVID-19 pregnant women symptoms severity and placental morphologic features. Front Immunol 12:685919. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.685919
Mostafa BE, Mostafa A, Fiky LME et al (2022) Maternal COVID-19 and neonatal hearing loss: a multicentric survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279:3435–3438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07098-5
Dharmarajan S, Bharathi MB, Sivapuram K et al (2021) Hearing Loss-a camouflaged manifestation of COVID 19 infection. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 73:494–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02581-1
Koumpa FS, Forde CT, Manjaly JG (2020) Sudden irreversible hearing loss post COVID-19. BMJ Case Rep CP 13(11):e238419
Sriwijitalai W, Wiwanitkit V (2020) Hearing loss and COVID-19: a note. Am J Otolaryngol 41(3):102473
Mustafa MW (2020) Audiological profile of asymptomatic Covid-19 PCR-positive cases. Am J Otolaryngol 10:102483
Rhman SS, Wahid AA (2020) COVID-19 and sudden sensorineural hearing loss, a case report. Otolaryngol Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xocr.2020.100198
Degen C, Lenarz T, Willenborg K (2020) Acute profound sensorineural hearing loss after COVID-19 pneumonia. Mayo Clin Proc 95(8):1801–1803
Maharaj S, Bello Alvarez M, Mungul S, Hari K (2020) Otologic dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 5(6):1192–1196
Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, Collange O, Boulay C, Fafi-Kremer S, Ohana M, Anheim M, Meziani F (2020) Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med 382(23):2268–2270. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008597
Hayakawa S, Komine-Aizawa S, Mor GG (2020) Covid-19 pandemic and pregnancy. J Obst Gynaecol Res 46(10):1958–1966. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14384
Funding
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (21/2022).
Consent to Participate
Informed consent was obtained from legal guardian.
Consent to Publish
The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Senthil, R., Abirami, Sivanand, N. et al. COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy and Hearing Loss in Infants: A Clinical Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-024-04483-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-024-04483-4